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1.
Educ. med. super ; 34(2): e1923, abr.-jun. 2020. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1124687

RESUMO

Introducción: Las exigencias de la educación superior requieren que los estudiantes movilicen variadas competencias que les permitan enfrentar de manera exitosa las nuevas demandas dentro y fuera del aula. En este sentido, cobra especial interés el aprendizaje autorregulado, ya que involucra la puesta en práctica de una serie de estrategias cognitivas, metacognitivas, motivacionales y de apoyo, que permiten al estudiante construir conocimientos de forma significativa. Objetivo: Describir la relación entre el aprendizaje autorregulado, los antecedentes académicos y las características sociodemográficas en estudiantes de medicina de primer año. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, cuantitativo, no experimental transversal, de alcance correlacional. Se obtuvo una muestra de 106 estudiantes, mediante muestreo no probabilístico por accesibilidad. La autorregulación se evaluó mediante Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire, adaptado para estudiantes universitarios chilenos. Resultados: El valor de la tarea, la autorregulación, las expectativas y la organización presenta más alta ponderación. Los hombres reportan altas expectativas y pensamiento crítico; en cambio, las mujeres muestran un mayor nivel de ansiedad y organización. Bajo número de subescalas de motivación y estrategias de aprendizaje se correlacionaron con el rendimiento, las pruebas de ingreso y el tipo de establecimiento educacional. Conclusiones: Esta muestra de estudiantes utiliza preferentemente componentes motivacionales y estrategias de procesamiento profundo para autorregular su aprendizaje. Hombres y mujeres difieren en aspectos motivacionales y cognitivos para autorregular su aprendizaje. La supervisión, el compromiso y la gestión de recursos se relacionan con un mayor rendimiento en la asignatura(AU)


Introduction: The demands of higher education require that students activate several competencies that allow them to face new demands successfully inside and outside the classroom. In this respect, self-regulated learning is of special interest, since it involves the implementation of a series of cognitive, metacognitive, motivational, and support-related strategies that allow the student to construct knowledge in a meaningful way. Objective: To describe the relationship between self-regulated learning, academic background, and sociodemographic characteristics in first-year medical students. Methods: A descriptive, quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional study was carried out, with a correlational scope. A sample of 106 students was obtained through non-probability sampling by accessibility. Self-regulation was assessed using the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire, adapted for Chilean university students. Results: The value of the task, self-regulation, expectations, and organization have a much higher importance. The men reported high expectations and critical thinking; on their part, the women showed a higher level of anxiety and organization. Low number of motivational subscales and learning strategies were correlated with performance, entrance tests, and type of educational institution. Conclusions: This sample of students preferably uses motivational components and deep processing strategies for their self-regulated learning. Men and women differ in motivational and cognitive aspects for their self-regulated learning. Supervision, commitment, and resource management are related to higher performance in the subject(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Estudantes de Medicina , Estudos Transversais , Estratégias de Saúde , Conhecimento , Autocontrole , Aprendizagem
2.
Educ. med. super ; 33(3): e1406, jul.-set. 2019. tab, fig
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1089919

RESUMO

Introducción: Los entornos de aprendizaje en línea ofrecen nuevas formas de comunicación que permiten a docentes y estudiantes intercambiar información, conocimientos e ideas, tanto en espacios asincrónicos como en tiempo real. En esta modalidad se desarrolló un curso electivo de Genética Humana para complementar la formación de estudiantes de pregrado del área de la salud. Objetivo: Evaluar la satisfacción con el uso y la percepción del trabajo en una asignatura virtual de Genética Humana en estudiantes universitarios pertenecientes a carreras del área de la salud de la Universidad de Concepción. Métodos: Estudio de tipo cuantitativo, no experimental y transversal. Mediante una encuesta de preguntas cerradas y abiertas, se determinó el grado de satisfacción de los estudiantes con respecto a los aspectos pedagógicos, tecnológicos y el ambiente virtual de aprendizaje. Resultados: Los estudiantes evaluaron en forma satisfactoria el curso virtual. En cuanto a la percepción del ambiente virtual, las opiniones positivas estuvieron centradas en la autonomía (40 por ciento) y en la experiencia de aprendizaje (38 por ciento). Los aspectos negativos se enfocaron en la responsabilidad hacia el aprendizaje (75 por ciento) y la relación con el docente (25 por ciento). Conclusiones: El curso virtual es útil para el aprendizaje de la Genética Humana, y constituye un espacio que favorece la adquisición de conocimientos y el desarrollo de competencias como la autonomía y el trabajo en equipo(AU)


Introduction: Online learning environments offer new forms of communication allowing teachers and students to exchange information, knowledge and ideas, either asynchronously or in real time. An elective Human Genetics course was taught online to complement the training of undergraduate health sciences students. Objective: Evaluate the satisfaction with and perception of the work done in a virtual Human Genetics course taught to university health sciences students from the University of Concepción. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional non-experimental study was conducted. A survey containing open-ended and closed-ended questions was used to determine the students' level of satisfaction with pedagogical and technological aspects of the course, and with the virtual learning environment. Results: Students ranked the virtual course as satisfactory. Concerning perception of the virtual environment, positive opinions referred to the students' autonomy (40 percent) and the learning experience itself (38 percent). Negative opinions focused on the students' responsibility towards learning (75 percent) and their relationship to the teacher (25 percent). Conclusions: The virtual course proved to be useful to learn about Human Genetics, as well as an environment fostering the acquisition of knowledge and the development of competences such as autonomy and team work(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Percepção , Educação a Distância , Genética Humana
3.
Rev. Fund. Educ. Méd. (Ed. impr.) ; 22(1): 35-41, ene.-feb. 2019. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-181899

RESUMO

Introducción: El estudio de la didáctica en ciencias de la salud ha sido abordado principalmente a través de las innovaciones en metodologías de enseñanza y evaluación. Sin embargo, no se ha realizado una discusión teórico-empírica sobre la naturaleza de la didáctica que constituyen las diversas disciplinas en el área de la salud. Sujetos y métodos: Estudio cualitativo, basado en la teoría fundamentada. Participaron 31 docentes de seis carreras de ciencias de la salud, a los cuales se seleccionó según el criterio de máxima variación. Los docentes fueron contactados personalmente, previo proceso de consentimiento informado. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas y grupos focales diseñados por los investigadores. El plan de análisis se realizó a partir del método de comparación constante hasta llegar al nivel de codificación selectiva, utilizando el Caqdas Atlas-ti 7.5.2. Resultados: El fenómeno se configura en un contexto sociopolítico particular, con condiciones de las carreras de la salud, en un paradigma científico hegemónico. Antecedentes causales: falta de delimitación del objeto de estudio, sus dimensiones y concepciones curriculares. Estrategias de acción: diseño de objetivos, organización de contenidos, metodologías de enseñanza y evaluación, habilidades del docente. Factores intervinientes: rol docente, funcionamiento curricular, características de la disciplina, clima educativo. Consecuencias: positivas y negativas en diseños curriculares, progresión de los aprendizajes y consciencia didáctica. Conclusión: Los resultados obtenidos evidencian la necesidad de reflexionar acerca de la educación médica, ya que permiten discutir la naturaleza científica y didáctica de las carreras de salud en Chile


Introduction: The study of didactics in Health Sciences has been approached mainly through innovations in teaching and evaluation methodologies. However, there has not been a theoretical-empirical discussion on the nature of the didactics that constitute the various disciplines in the area of health. Subjects and methods: Qualitative study, based on the Grounded Theory. Thirty-one teachers from six health sciences courses participated and were selected according to the criteria of maximum variation. Teachers were contacted in person after the informed consent process. Semi-structured interviews and researchers-designed focus groups were conducted. The analysis plan was carried out from the constant comparison method up to the selective coding level, using the Caqdas Atlas-ti 7.5.2. Results: The phenomenon is configured in a particular socio-political context, with conditions of health careers, in a hegemonic scientific paradigm. Causal background: lack of delimitation of the object of study, its dimensions and curricular conceptions. Action strategies: design of objectives, organization of contents, teaching and evaluation methodologies, teacher skills. Intervening factors: Teaching role, curricular functioning, characteristics of the discipline, educational climate. Consequences: positive and negative in curricular design, progression of learning, didactic awareness. Conclusion: The results obtained show the need to reflect on medical education, since they allow us to discuss the scientific and didactic nature of health careers in Chile


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Educadores em Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Avaliação Educacional , Educação Profissionalizante , Educadores em Saúde/educação , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Chile , Pessoal de Educação/organização & administração , Pessoal de Educação/estatística & dados numéricos
4.
Educ. med. super ; 32(4): 121-130, oct.-dic. 2018.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-989757

RESUMO

Introducción: Las carreras de la salud se caracterizan por contemplar dos contextos educativos, el aula que abarca casi la totalidad del plan curricular en el ciclo básico y parte importante del pre-clínico; y el contexto de enseñanza clínica que caracteriza el último ciclo de formación profesional en Ciencias de la Salud. Objetivos: Describir los roles docentes que se practican en la actualidad en diversos escenarios educativos de carreras Salud en una Universidad de alta complejidad en Chile. Métodos: Investigación cualitativa, teoría fundamentada de Strauss y Corbin. Se utilizaron dos instrumentos para la recolección de datos, previo consentimiento informado: entrevistas individuales semi-estructuradas y focus group, por muestreo teórico. Los participantes fueron 31 docentes de seis carreras de las Ciencias de la Salud. Se utilizó el método de comparación constante para el análisis de datos y fueron procesados en Atlas ti. Resultados: Se observaron diferencias en el rol que ejerce el docente que realiza enseñanza en aula quien despliega habilidades que le permite tener un mayor control sobre el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje y el rol que ejerce en campos clínicos, donde debe desplegar diversas estrategias espontáneas. Conclusiones: Los habilidades docentes le permiten ir adaptándose a los escenarios educativo en lo que enseña, sin embargo, también provoca que éstos ejerzan otro tipo de roles docentes que los que se propone en la teoría(AU)


Introduction: Health-related majors are characterized by contemplating two educational contexts: the classroom, which covers almost the entire curricular plan in the basic cycle and an important part of the pre-clinical cycle; and the clinical teaching context, which characterizes the last cycle of professional training in Health Sciences. Objectives: To describe the teaching roles currently practiced in different educational contexts of health majors in a high-complexity university in Chile. Methods: Qualitative research, grounded theory by Strauss and Corbin. Two instruments were used for data collection, with prior informed consent: semi-structured individual interviews and focus group, by theoretical sampling. The participants were 31 teachers from six Health Sciences majors. The constant comparison method was used for the data analysis. The data were processed in Atlas ti. Results: Differences were observed in the role played by the professor working in the classroom, where skills are displayed permitting greater control over the teaching-learning process, and the role played in clinical fields, where various spontaneous strategies must be deployed. Conclusions: The teaching skills allow the professor to adapt to the educational teaching scenarios; however, it also causes professors to exercise other types of teaching roles than those proposed in the theory(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Pesquisa , Papel Profissional , Ciências da Saúde/educação , Pessoal de Educação/psicologia , Chile
5.
Rev Med Chil ; 145(7): 934-940, 2017 Jul.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29182203

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The widespread growth of higher education is increasing the heterogeneity of university students in terms of socioeconomic characteristics, academic story and cultural background. Medical schools are not an exception of this phenomenon. AIM: To compare the academic background and self-directed learning behavior of students who entered to a public medial school between 2010 and 2014. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A non-probabilistic sample of 527 medical students aged between 17 and 29 years (60% men), was studied. Their academic information was collected from the University data base; they answered the Self-directed learning readiness scale of Fisher. RESULTS: Students from the 2014 cohort had higher high school grades than their counterparts. The scores in mathematics of the Scholarship Aptitude Test (SAT) were higher in the cohorts of 2010 and 2011. Those of the sciences test were superior in the 2013 cohort. The 2014 cohort had the lower general score of self-directed learning behaviors. CONCLUSIONS: The lower SAT and self-directed learning scores of the students entering medical school in 2014, indicate the progressive increase in the heterogeneity of Medical students.


Assuntos
Educação de Graduação em Medicina , Avaliação Educacional , Faculdades de Medicina , Autoaprendizagem como Assunto , Estudantes de Medicina/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Chile , Estudos de Coortes , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Jovem
6.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 145(7): 934-940, jul. 2017. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-902566

RESUMO

Background: The widespread growth of higher education is increasing the heterogeneity of university students in terms of socioeconomic characteristics, academic story and cultural background. Medical schools are not an exception of this phenomenon. Aim: To compare the academic background and self-directed learning behavior of students who entered to a public medial school between 2010 and 2014. Material and Methods: A non-probabilistic sample of 527 medical students aged between 17 and 29 years (60% men), was studied. Their academic information was collected from the University data base; they answered the Self-directed learning readiness scale of Fisher. Results: Students from the 2014 cohort had higher high school grades than their counterparts. The scores in mathematics of the Scholarship Aptitude Test (SAT) were higher in the cohorts of 2010 and 2011. Those of the sciences test were superior in the 2013 cohort. The 2014 cohort had the lower general score of self-directed learning behaviors. Conclusions: The lower SAT and self-directed learning scores of the students entering medical school in 2014, indicate the progressive increase in the heterogeneity of Medical students.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Faculdades de Medicina , Estudantes de Medicina/estatística & dados numéricos , Educação de Graduação em Medicina , Avaliação Educacional , Autoaprendizagem como Assunto , Chile , Estudos Transversais , Estudos de Coortes
7.
Educ. med. super ; 28(2): 229-242, abr.-jun. 2014.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-723716

RESUMO

En las últimas décadas se ha discutido ampliamente la necesidad de modernizar la docencia, por ejemplo generando espacios que promuevan que los estudiantes se involucren en el proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje. Metodologías consistentes con esta propuesta son las tecnologías de la información y de la comunicación, que presentan ventajas socioeconómicas y pedagógicas, destacando el estimular competencias genéricas. En este contexto, para motivar el autoaprendizaje y la responsabilidad social de difundir el conocimiento científico y avances tecnológicos a la comunidad, se utilizó el Wiki en la asignatura Bioquímica de carreras científicas. Los estudiantes redactaron artículos sobre temas de libre elección en la plataforma Arco, los cuales se evaluaron utilizando una rúbrica global de desempeño, mientras que para estimar la apreciación del estudiante se utilizó una lista de cotejo. Los estudiantes consideraron que la actividad los motivó a estudiar Bioquímica, que aprendieron sobre el tema seleccionado por su equipo y que comunicar a la sociedad sobre temas de salud y biotecnología es parte de su rol profesional. La estrategia fue exitosa tanto como metodología para el autoaprendizaje, como para fomentar la responsabilidad social del futuro científico.


Over the past decades, the need of modernizing teaching has been extensively discussed, for example by producing environments that promote the student engagement in the teaching and learning process. Methodologies that are consistent with this proposal are Information and Communication Technologies, which present socioeconomic and pedagogical advantages, especially the stimulation of generic competences. Within this context, for the purpose of motivating self-learning and the social responsibility of communicating scientific knowledge and technological advances to the community, we used Wiki in the biochemistry course of scientific undergraduate programs. Students wrote articles concerning freely chosen topics on the Arco platform, which were graded using a global perspective rubric, whereas, a checklist was used for student's assessment of the activity. The students felt motivated to study biochemistry, since they learnt about the topic selected by their team and that communicating health and biotechnological issues to the community was one of their professional roles. The strategy was successful as an approach to support self-learning, and promoting social responsibility of future scientists.

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